Environmental Psychology Essay - 1559 Words

Psychology Psychology is the study of how human beings and animals sense, think, learn and know. Psychology is a science based on observations and theories. Modern psychology is the collecting of facts and turning them into psychological theories to explain peoples behavior and sometimes to predict and influence their future behavior. Psychology, in the past, has been assumed to have clear sub-fields (headings). Although there are many differences between the different classifications of psychology, they are interrelated and frequently overlap. I will mainly be focusing on Environmental Psychology and Phobias although I will touch on other aspects of psychology. Many of the theories in social psychology can fundamentally†¦show more content†¦Environmental Psychology investigates the interrelationship between environments and human behavior. The environment plays remarkable roles in the way humans act. In Environmental Psychology the term Environment is used in a very broad way. It refers to the all that is natural as well as social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments. I have decided to examine the way living in a world with no forests or parks would affects Humans. I have gathered quiet a lot of information form my own childhood. I will never forget the great role nature played in my life as a young child. So many of my childhood games took-place in trees. My family and I always would take walks in the forest. I was so captivated by the majestic forest. There was something that seemed to be magical about the forest when I was small. When I was young I believed that the source of all the animals was the forest. I absolutely loved animals so I automatically loved the forest. When I first heard about the forest being cut down I got extremely scared because I though that all the animals would die. Later when I learnt that oxygen comes from trees I got so scared that I thought I was going to die. If I were a child living in a world with no greenery I would feel terrible. I would hate to never be able to go for a walkShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Psychology1009 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Psychology Paper Robyn A. Cole August 13, 2012 PSY 460 Edward A. Muhammad, M.S. Environmental Psychology For more than the past ten years, the field of psychology has covered drawn out analysis and delved into the correlation among human beings and the environment. Clayton and Myers state that, â€Å"Recent quantitative assessments of the human impact on nature give a sobering picture: the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment found that about 60% of the earth’s ecosystem Read MoreThe Effects Of Cosmopolitanism On Environmental Psychology906 Words   |  4 Pagescosmopolitanism on environmental psychology is highly significant. This article is meaningful to me because it shows different culturals and how pro environmental behaviours is beneficial. Being environmentally responsible: Cosmopolitan orientation predicts pro environmental Behaviors. Leung, Angela K.-Y.; Koh, Kelly; Tam, Kim-Pong Journal of environmental psychology, Vol 43, Sep 2015, 79 94.http://dx.doi.org.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.05.011 In the articleRead MoreHow Do We Define Environmental Psychology925 Words   |  4 PagesTo define environmental psychology, one must do so by considering the following four key features: â€Å"interactive approach; interdisciplinary and international; problem-focused, applied field; and diversity of methods† (Steg et. al., 2013, p. 5-6). To sum, interactive behavior is best understood by me as one’s interactions with nature and the effect nature ends up having on one after engagement has occurred. As a child, I grew up in Jackson County Forest in Black River Falls, Wisconsin. As well, withRead MoreA Brief Note On Environmental Psychology Research Methods Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesEnvironmental Psychology Research Methods Summary In this study conducted by Megan J. Bissing-Olsoni, Aarti Iyer, Kelly S. Fielding and Hannes Zacher, a survey/diary design was used to examine the relationship of pro-environmental behavior, employees daily affect, pro-environmental attitude, daily task-related pro-environmental behavior, and daily proactive pro-environmental behavior. There were 56 participants in the study and they were all employed in small businesses. The surveys were doneRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology1060 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental psychology provides a relatively new and at the same time complex perspective on the connection between the human being and the surrounding environment. Despite the fact that this area of expertise represents a mix of several sciences, among which economics, psychology, sociology (Bechtel and Churchman, 2002, p2-5), it provides a structured view on the interactions humans have with their surroundings. Given this co dependence, there are numerous events that happen ever y day that affectRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology875 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Psychology Olubunmi Ruby Akinsanya Environmental Psychology/460 10/5/2010 Richard Hill Title of Paper Why do individuals act differently in different social settings? Environmental Psychology is the field of psychology which studies the way human behavior is affected by their environment. Environment refers to an individual’s social setting, which can change consistently.   (Fisher, 2007). Social settings and educational settings, professional settings and homeRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology Article Analysis866 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Psychology Article Analysis University of Phoenix Environmental Psychology Article Analysis Environmental psychology does not just study how man affects his environment but also how the environment and natural occurrences affect man. The continual cause and affect cycle from both sides of the equation give purpose to environmental psychology as well as incorporating other disciplines. Unlike many disciplines that have a single focus, the focus of environmental psychologyRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology Article Analysis1058 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Psychology Article Analysis Introduction The paper will critically analyze three chosen articles related to the field of environmental psychology. Important facts highlighted in the article, the week and strong points of the article and most importantly the impact that the article has on the field of environmental psychology will be discussed in the paper. The first article is the fifth chapter Coping with Stress taken from the book Health psychology, 2nd ed.) written by RichardRead MoreEnvironmental Psychology And Its Effects On The Environment2034 Words   |  9 Pagesof instances air pollution can not be seen with the naked eye, however it can be seen when clouds of particulate matters appear above a city. As disturbing as seeing polluted air is, it is the unseen pollutants that is a greater danger. Environmental psychology tells us that personal manners and behavior have an effect on the environment. By doing research on how we harm our environment, processes may be put in place to off set and limit such behaviors. Bio-fuel, wind energy, solar energy, cleanRead MoreThe Depletion Of Natural Elements Has A Negative Impact On Human Mind?1775 Words   |  8 Pagesnature is crucial for his health care, to overlook the impact of restorative outdoor spaces on human health and psych. Existing research: Access to nature can enhance wellness Research from many quarters, including the fields of healthcare, psychology, design, public health, and other disciplines indicates that access to nature can enhance health and wellness. Annerstedt and Wahrborg (2011) propose three main kinds of public health effects related to nature: short-term recovery from stress or

The Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 1488 Words

What is the single common denominator that unites all of humanity? That every person will die. Death is a macabre subject, but it is a universal one that entangles itself within our lives. Even while living, death is omnipresent, and it has remained unchanged throughout the ages. What have changed are the definitions of death and its timeline. The word euthanasia comes from the Greek for ‘good death’. While that definition is rooted in etymologic studies and not open for interpretation, the very idea of a ‘good death’ is quite the opposite. What is a good death? Who determines ‘good’? And the question that is under much debate and discussion: Should anything be done to make it so? That, in the form of physician-assisted suicide (PAS), is one of the pressing topics that faces healthcare today. It is imperative that healthcare professionals, particularly nurses who bridge the divide between physicians and patients, are aware of this issu e and its components. Right to Die The right-to-die movement is at the heart of this discussion. Following World War II, many advances were made in healthcare. Technology saw the advent of ventilators and dialysis machines, pharmaceutics developed antibiotics and now-routine emergency drugs, and hospitals developed more specialized units (McCormick, 2011). All of these developments resulted in patients surviving previously terminal conditions. Is surviving better than dying? That became an issue as patients were maintainedShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of A Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesWashington, Vermont, and California, they have the option for a physician assisted suicide (PAS). California recently passed the End of Life Option Act, thereby joining Oregon, Washington, and Vermont when it comes to legalizing PAS via legislation. For Montana, PAS is neither legal nor illegal according to a court decision. Judging by the fact that PAS is currently only practiced in five out of fifty state s, it is clear that the issue of hastening the death of patients (by their own wishes) remainsRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Physician Assisted Suicide1580 Words   |  7 Pagesand virtue, this paper explores the relevance of Aristotle’s moral philosophy in modern day and will be applied to the contemporary ethical issue surrounding physician assisted suicide. By exploring Aristotle’s work through primary and secondary sources, this paper will discuss the greater good and happiness as it relates to not only the patient or physician, but as a member of a greater social circle and that of society because to Aristotle the role of the individual is less important than theirRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is described as the intentional discontinuation, by the patient s physician, of vital treatment that could prolong the person s life. Assisted suicide occurs when a health care worker provides a patient w ith tools and/or medication that will help the patient kill him or herself, without the direct intervention of the care provider. This paper will define key terms for my argument against Physician Assisted Death, and why I believe it’s wrong, where I will provide a brief background ofRead MoreThe Ethical Issues Of Physician Assisted Suicide1586 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician Assisted Suicide Physician Assisted Suicide Is it Right or Wrong? The ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide are both emotional and controversial, as it ranks right up there with abortion. Some argue physician assisted suicide is ethically permissible for a dying person who has choosing to escape the unbearable suffering at the end of life. Furthermore, it is the physician’s duty to alleviate the patients suffering, which at times justifies providing aid-in -dying. These argumentsRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide2123 Words   |  9 PagesLegalizing physician-assisted suicide can give the dying individual comfort in knowing that they have options. Physicians presently are allowed to relieve the dying of their pain and suffering by administering lethal doses of pain medications. Terminally ill patients should be able to access lethal doses of medicine voluntarily through their physician to allow them the choice of death. Strong morals and ethics surrounding this issue have split society on whether or not physician-assisted suicide shouldRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Legalizing Physician Assisted Suicide1962 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The topic of legalizing Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) has long been a controversial issue in Canada and has recently received increased attention. In 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled the provisions of the Criminal Code prohibiting assisted suicide. Two decades later, the Supreme Court of Canada began to deliberate whether to uphold or strike down the law prohibiting doctor-assisted suicide. On October 15th (What is the year), the nine justices of the Supreme Court heard impassionedRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : A Controversial Moral Issue939 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is a controversial moral issue that I feel should be allowed in all states not just a few. Right now there are only five states that have some type of death with dignity law; one which has some extra steps that need to be taken to be able to use the law. Over the last year there has been more media coverage on this topic because of a young woman named Brittany Maynard, who decided to tell her story with needing this option. The real question though should be do we haveRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Issues Involving Physician Assisted Suicide1134 Words   |  5 Pageswhat conditions is physician assisted suicide morally acceptable, is the question at hand and did these states make the right decision on such a slippery slope debate. This paper will go on to explain one side of this very touchy debate, it will also consider objections from the other side, and ultimately defend the position physician assisted suicide is wrong not only morally but also, ethically. My argument for this thesis is provided below: P1: Physician assisted suicide violates the doctor’sRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surroundingRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide And Voluntary Euthanasia1348 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia is still under scrutiny for a number of reasons. â€Å"In spring, 1996, the Ninth and Second Circuits were the first circuit courts in the country to find a constitutional prohibition against laws which make physician-assisted suicide a crime† (Martyn Bourguignon, 1997). New York was one of the states that followed this prohibition. Eventually, The Ninth and Second Circuit, â€Å"allow physician-assisted suicide while attempting to protect individuals from

Petition of Rights free essay sample

The Petition of Rights aided with shaping the ideas of present-day ordered government, a regulation where local governments or municipalities are still created to help maintain order. This petition has helped ordered governments decide whether or not creating police forces, insurance agencies, tax collector offices, and a variety of other companies would support their said governments. Ever since this petition was accepted into the United Kingdom, for example, the King who ruled England before the said petition was passed was no longer given the freedom of choice to exile or imprison any man from his kingdom. No high ruler would unfairly sentence a man to death by means of violent, physical abuse just because they were unable to pay a certain sum of tax money that the king â€Å"needed†. The Petition of Right is what helped shape ordered governments because if there were no security people (i.e. policemen), there would most likely be a huge amount of havoc and chaos set loose across the United Kingdom up until this day. We will write a custom essay sample on Petition of Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Petition of Rights also helped shape the ideas of limited governments. For example, since a limited government is when humans are believed to have certain rights that said government cannot take away, it is one of the main reasons as to why the Magna Carta was made to be passed in the first place. Limited governments contain a society of people that definitely won’t tolerate being told what to do with rules and laws, so the Magna Carta helped establish a more organized a healthy lifestyle for those in favor of a limited government. In addition, the Founding Fathers of the American Constitution had always regarded the Magna Carta as a landmark on the road to limited government; though no matter what, there are almost no limited governments throughout the world in today’s time. In a representative government (a form of government where the powers of the sovereignty are delegated to a body of men, elected from time to time, who exercise them for the benefit of the whole nation), the Petition of Rights has helped a great deal. Within the United States, one is able to vote for one of two presidential candidates of their choice as well as vote in a variety of things that they are allowed to be part of making a decision in. Although most people in the United States may be able to decide, for  instance, whether a person gets sent to death penalty or not (for whatever crime it is they committed that’s therefore considered eligible for a trip to the death penalty), it is still Judge’s final decision that will ensure the fate of the said person. The Petition of Rights in the United States has, with no doubt, helped solidify the safety and well-being of every American citizen as long as they are able to take part in voting for things they think they d eserve to have a say in. To sum it all up, this important document helped fuel the American Revolution. The Petition of Rights was used to write the American Bill of Rights. The petition was revolutionary in its own right. From that moment on, people would insist on the rights that were given to them by this said important document passed by England. So, it was when the colonists complained they were paying taxes without representation; it was also controlled by a standing army in time of peace. They were demanding rights that had been promised to all Englishmen. Overall, all future rulers of England had to accept these rights.

Oliver Cromwell Essays (506 words) - English People,

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell was born on April 25, 1599 at Huntingdon. He was born into a political family who gave contributions to parliament. After forty-years of being an outspoken politician, he was chosen by his peers to represent Cambridge in the Long Parliament. During this time England was in turmoil with Civil War. In Ireland, just one year after joining Parliament, the rebellion of 1641 broke out against Protestant and English settlers. With England fighting amongst themselves they had no time to remedy the problems in Ireland. Cromwell raised a Calvary regiment, called the Iron Sides. After being a critical factor in many battles during the civil war he was appointed Lieutenant. General . In 1645 he took part in the battle of Naseby, the decisive battle in the Civil War. In 1648 he came to the conclusion that Charles I should be held responsible for renewing the civil war. The king was tried and executed. In 1649, with the conflict in England settled, they could concentrate on the iss ue of Ireland. Cromwell and 12,000 troops landed in Dublin on August 15, 1649. Cromwell was so determined to rectify the atrocities against his fellow Protestants that his efficiency in wiping out the Irish Catholics made him the most feared man in Ireland. The purpose of his ruthlessness was to eradicate the revolt and to clear the land and make it safe for English settlement. On September 11th his army invaded the town of Drogheda, killing all 3,500 soldiers and civilians. Cromwell ordered his men to put all to the sword. In October, he seized Wexford killing over 2,000 soldiers, leaving no survivors. These two victories were all the English forces needed. In May 1650 he and his men returned home. These defeats broke the backs of the Irish. It took decades to rebuild, and independence seemed very distant. It would take almost a century before the Irish could recover from Cromwell's invasion. His Parliament transplanted the native Irish past the Shannon giving the Protestants the valuable land, the ownership of this property led to the Protestant Ascendancy. An Irish poet named Andrew Marvel described him as a messenger from hell, but to the English he was a hero. After his brutal victories in Ireland and Scotland he was named Lord Protector. He rose to power in the midst of civil turmoil to make England a force to be reckoned with. The political schisms and financial problems of the Stuarts were overshadowed by his larger than life persona. Some scholars say it was due to his religious motive. After every battle he would praise God as it was by His fortune that he was victorious. Cromwell was exactly what the English needed, a hero to reestablish nationalism. They did not care about their neighboring cousins, they wanted some one to protect them and lead them to glory. Oliver Cromwell succeeded in doing just that. Later, Parliament offered him the title of King, which he refused. He died on September 3, 1658. History Essays

Encapsulation in Computer Programming

Encapsulation in Computer Programming Encapsulation in programming is the process of combining elements to create a new entity for the purpose of hiding or protecting information. In object-oriented programming, encapsulation is an attribute of object design. It means that all of the objects data is contained and hidden in the object and access to it is restricted to members of that class. Encapsulation in Programming Languages Programming languages arent quite so strict and allow differing levels of access to an objects data. C supports encapsulation and data hiding with user-defined types called classes. A class combines data and function into a single unit. The method of hiding details of a class is called abstraction. Classes can contain private, protected and public members. Although all the items in a class are private by default, programmers can change the access levels when needed. Three levels of access are available in both C and C# and an additional two in C#Â  only. They are: Public: All objects can access the data.Protected: Access is limited to members of the same class or descendants.Private: Access is limited to members of the same class.Internal: Access is limited to the current assembly. (C# only)Protected Internal: Access is limited to the current assembly or types derived from the containing class. (C# only) Advantages of Encapsulation The main advantage of using encapsulation is the security of the data. Benefits of encapsulation include: Encapsulation protects an object from unwanted access by clients.Encapsulation allows access to a level without revealing the complex details below that level.It reduces human errors.Simplifies the maintenance of the applicationMakes the application easier to understand. For the best encapsulation, object data should almost always be restricted to private or protected. If you choose to set the access level to public, make sure you understand the ramifications of the choice.

What Do I Do After Graduation Part One of a Two-Part Blog Series

What Do I Do After Graduation Part One of a Two-Part Blog Series What Do I Do After Graduation? Part One of a Two-Part Blog Series As graduation day approaches, you may be thinking about what to do after school ends and perhaps setting goals for the next stage of life. Starting a new chapter can be both exciting and challenging, but it’s perfectly normal to ask yourself, â€Å"What do I do now?† Some people will be starting out for the first time in a career, and others may be pursuing second or even third careers. Whatever your age, profession, salary level, or experience, your resume is a key factor in gaining employment. It must be prepared using the correct format and set of standards for resumes. Applicants are also expected to use specific keywords related to their profession. This information is very important, so you might consider going to a resume expert for help. Before anything though, you will need some information to build your resume and cover letter. Here is a helpful guide to creating a chronological resume meeting specific standards. These tips will guide you through the steps in writing a good first draft. To gain further expertise, consider taking a course in resume and cover letter writing. Preparing a Resume A resume is the first step in getting a job interview at your targeted company. It must show who you are in a way that will catch people’s attention and make you stand out. Employers often spend only a few seconds looking at a resume before moving on, so make them really want to keep reading. Focus on how you would fit the position and the company rather than just describing your related experience. A cover letter also plays a big role in that process. In most of North America, there are specific sections you must include in a resume and they have to be in a specific order: Contact information Career summary Employment experience Education or professional development Volunteer work, community service, or technical skills (optional and where suitable) Keep the length limited to one to two pages (the majority of professionals have a two-page document). It’s also standard to format both your cover letter and resume into the same document and convert it to a PDF file before submitting. Develop a standard resume and then tailor it based on the position for which you’re applying. The same is true of cover letters. Sections of the Resume Contact Information Your contact information has to be printed clearly at the top of the resume in the header, and it should contain your full name, address and phone number (in Canada), email address, and a link to your Linkedin profile. What you are not required to include is your date of birth, gender, parents’ names, and marital status. (In Canada, it’s not part of the standard format to include this information, and it’s illegal to ask about some of these aspects in an interview.) Your email address should sound professional; you may even want to set up a separate account for job hunting. Career Summary This section is crucial because it’s the employer’s first look at who you are professionally. Write a paragraph or two summarizing your main skills and why you’re right for the position. It should begin with a stated objective and how it pertains to the potential job position or role. This is the place to summarize your past and current experience and your career goals. Employment Experience List each of your past job positions from most to least current. Include the time period you were in the role and your general responsibilities. List (as bullet points) two or three of your main accomplishments within the position. This gives employers a much better idea of your performance and strengths. Notice the difference between â€Å"Management skills in the publishing industry† and â€Å"Successfully managed a large-scale international publishing project, securing a future two-million-dollar contract with the client.† The second statement tells the company much more about what you could accomplish if hired. Below each position, highlight any major projects you completed while you were there. Similar to when you list your overall accomplishments, give one or two brief sentences about what the project entailed and what you personally accomplished. Education or Professional Development Educational degrees or professional development courses should be listed in order with the most recent first, along with the year of completion and the institution you attended. Provide information about awards or distinctions you received and any theses or dissertations you completed. Additional Information Some people like to add a section to their resume outlining volunteer work or community involvement. If it pertains to the position you want, feel free to do this. However, if it’s irrelevant, be careful not to overdo it. Briefly list no more than three or four experiences. If the job youre applying for is a technical position, you could add a section called â€Å"Technical Skills.† Keywords One fairly new development in the world of employment and job searching is the requirement to use keywords specific to your profession in your cover letter and resume. Keywords are search words or terms that employers type into employment websites to look for potential applicants. When your resume includes these keywords, there’s a greater chance that potential employers will see it and contact you. In an interview, those keywords will show them that you have all of the specified job qualifications. Keywords should be spread throughout every section of your resume. If you want to determine what the keywords should be, think about key skills and terms in your profession and look at the specific job advertisement. Pick keywords out of the ad and use them in the resume and cover letter. Those are the words the employer will want to see. Keywords include: school names, names of employers, profession-specific awards, soft skills, foreign languages, job-specific skills and knowledge, job titles, affiliations and union memberships, industry credentials, licenses, degrees, tools, equipment, and technical applications. Hopefully, this guide has helped you put together a solid draft of your resume. If you’re new to a field, consider writing a functional resume that highlights skills rather than experience in a specific area. The next step is to write the perfect cover letter so you can start looking and applying for job opportunities- and get hired! At , we are here to help you with all of your academic needs. In addition to resume writing services, we also provide assistance in academic areas like essay writing and editing and proofreading.

Unemployment in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unemployment in Canada - Essay Example The Interwar period is being understood in the Western culture to be the period between the end of the World War I and the beginning of the World War II in Europe, specifically it was from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939. Since it was the most serious crisis in the Canada's history, thus this paper will examine the reasons which cause such horrible outcome, criticize the present situation and have a better understanding in unemployment for prevention.After the elaboration of the unemployment issue, one could say that such horrible events shouldn't happen in the future as one learns from previous evidence.During the interwar period, highest unemployment rate in Canada reached roughly around twenty-five percent. Yet, that is not suggesting one to ignore the issues but rather focus on the better understanding of the past thus encourages others to raise more possible solutions to improve our society. Perhaps the Interwar period unemployment could not be treated as current events due to the unexpected crisis; still such unexpected crisis is seldom happening. Hence, prevention and preparation of possible crisis is often necessary.During the first years of World War I unemployment was high during 1914-1915 wherein many Canadians enlisted in the army to avoid the bleak effects of families suffering through hardships of lack of employment; but, by 1916 the "booming wartime industrial and agricultural economies combined to provide Canadians with other options and employers competed with recruiting officers for Canada's available manpower. The returning soldiers not only came back to few jobs in 1918, but, also returned to Canada with them a new disease which killed as many people as it did during the war. As Canada moved from wartime to peacetime and soldiers vying for jobs, another crisis emerged which was termed "One Big Union" that was formed in 1919. This concept was that all workers should be organized inside one large union entity. This focus on union organization was the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 wherein striking workers, many of them returning soldiers that would find very few opportunities but yet many companies would experience surging profits from wartime contracts. This lack of employment found in the aftermath of World War I would find many of the returning soldiers and the public in general in an imbalance of power in favour of the elite and wealthy individuals who would profit immensely from the war effort, but, would find themselves in the middle of a power struggle between truth and fiction. As society fought for their rights of fair employment standards, the period that would be considered by many as the fall of the powerful few of their day, would find the country suffering even more hardships as they entered the Great Depression. Great Depression among North America Perhaps the hardest hit economy in western culture was Canada's. The Canadian economy would find that they were not only the hardest hit, but, also the slowest to recover which did not occur until the beginning of the Second World War. Unlike the United States, the boom period between 1900 and 1929 found Canada as the world's fastest growing economy with only a brief and sharp recession occurring at the end of World War I. The economy would also find an increase occurring in housing starts until May, 1929. Through the collapse of commodity prices in the United States in October, 1929 and the massive stock crash of Black Tuesday and as both the United States and Canada share economic links through gold standards, the collapse of the United States economy affected Canada as well. The prairie provinces were not the only affected areas of Canada, as both Ontario and Quebec would now face immense problems in the manufacturing district as massive lay-offs would occur and over production by industrial companies would collapse into bankruptcy. Although this collapse

Context and Cultural Consideration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Context and Cultural Consideration - Assignment Example Personally, I am Mexican-Irish having parents from both cultural communities and cherishes the practices as good and comforting as my life progresses. Since I am half Mexican and half Irish, I have to subscribe to the two cultures and practice them as much as possible. Actually, I love and enjoy both the Mexican and Irish culture and feel culturally accomplished when in either of the societies (Ungar, 2011). The historical and native of Mexicans is Mexico that lies just to the West and Southwest of USA. Mexicans are somewhat black and brown in complexion that makes them appear as neither Whites nor Blacks. However, most have witnessed racial discriminations, abuses, profiling and labelling by the whites who collectively view Mexicans as blacks. Being colony of Spain, large population of Mexicans living in speaks Spanish. For purposes of proper integration and compatibility, I had to learn the Spanish language. Mexicans in the rural towns of the Mexico country still hold to the earlier traditional practices despite the widespread perception among many people that Mexico is among the most enlightened countries. Interestingly, Mexicans living in the cities like Mexico City, Monterrey and Guadalajara among others, and who have exposure to much of Western cultures as influenced by USA and Europe through physical interaction and media tend to abide more to the foreign cultures. The mentioned population is very sensitive to changes to in fashion and ensures to update with the fashion transformations (Zunker, 2008). My Mexican family is big and boasts of people with diverse stands and views in life. An individual who manages to accommodate and work with such a mix of people can undoubtedly manage to handle even the most challenging clients. Mexicans have rich music and film industries that gain great acceptance across the globe. Ireland that is the inhabitant of the Irish is one of the constituent members of the United Kingdom (UK) in the continent Europe.  Ã‚  

Performance and Management Essay Example for Free

Performance and Management Essay Performance and Management A. Policy For Recognizing Employee Contributions The purpose of this report is to use the compensation system we previously developed in Phases I and II to pay people, develop plans that reward performance, add benefits into the mix, and evaluate these results. First we will look at performance-based-pay as a policy for recognizing employee contributions. Performance-based-pay is a pay plan that varies with some measure of individual or organizational performance, such as merit pay, lump-sum bonus plans, skill-based pay, incentive plans, variable pay plans, risk sharing, and success sharing. It is basically a pay plan that moves away from the traditional base pay and across-the-board increases, and focuses more on factors of performance that can increase overall productivity for a company. Performance-based-pay plans can be very effective in creating a positive impact in performance of both employees and a company as a whole, but only is the plan is designed well. In order to be successful, it is crucial that the performance-pay plan be designed to support FastCat’s business strategy and compensation objectives. To design this pay-for-performance plan, we will recommend a specific policy plan that is tailored to FastCat’s goals towards success. We will compare different performance-based plans, which include individual vs. group incentives and merit vs. incentive pay, to see which combinations will help FastCat compete more effectively. a. Emphasis on Individual vs. Group Incentives Two strategies to consider with performance-based-pay plans are providing individual incentives, group incentives, or both. Individual incentive plans involve incentive compensation that is tied directly to objective measures of individual production. On the other hand, group incentive plans are incentive plans that are based on some measure of group performance rather than individual performance. Taking data on a past year as a base, group incentive plans may focus on cost savings or on profit increases as the standard for distributing a portion of the accrued funds among relevant employees. We recommend a mixture of both individual incentive and group incentive pay plans. How the individual incentive plan will work is there will be a year-end bonus pool as function of company performance. The employee’s share in the pool will be based on three factors: (1) employee’s grade, (2) employees personal performance analysis, (3) employee’s tenure at the company. This plan will go hand-in-hand with the group incentive plan we recommend, which will be a profit-sharing plan. A profit-sharing plan is a plan that focuses on profitability as the standard for group incentive. This group incentive plan will encourage employees to work hard as a team to create better company performance overall. We used the balanced scorecard approach to measure the company’s performance. A balanced scorecard approach is a way to look at what contributes value in an organization. It is a corporate-wide overall performance measure typically incorporating financial results, process improvements, customer service, and innovation. We determined that there are eight main elements that must be measured to determine good company performance. These metrics, which are weighted differently based on importance to FastCat’s business strategy, are as follows: (1) revenue growth, (2) labor costs, (3) innovation, (4) customers see FastCat representatives as responsive and knowledgeable, (5) customers value FastCat solutions, (6) employees take pride in working for FastCat, (7) employees have the tools and support to do their jobs, (8) employees understand how to make teams successful. In essence, the individual incentive plan and the group incentive plan work together to increase both individual performance and company performance. The better the company performs based on the balanced scorecard approach, the more money there is for the bonus pool in the individual incentive plan. b. Emphasis on Merit vs. Variable Pay All the pieces of this compensation system fit together Add justification on why this matches FastCat’s business and compensation objectives from problems B. Implementation a. Matching FastCat Jobs With Benchmark Survey Jobs When matching FastCat jobs with benchmark survey jobs we first had to separate the jobs at FastCat into four different job families: engineering, technical, marketing, and administration. We started off with sixteen FastCat positions of the various job families and matched them with the benchmark jobs based on the responsibilities of the job as well as the experience and competencies required to hold the position. For example, take the engineering family. For the Engineer 1 of the benchmark survey job, it is described by the following statements: â€Å"Participates in development, testing and documentation of software programs. Performs design and analysis tasks as a project team member. Typical minimum requirements are a Bachelor’s degree in a scientific field or the equivalent and up to two years of experience. † We compared that to the Usability Engineer in our own organization. Some responsibilities of the Usability Engineer are as follows: â€Å"Contributes to the development and implementation of FastCat web applications,† â€Å"work with FastCat quality assurance to ensure integrity of FastCat software; test, debug, and fix data,† and â€Å"design appropriate software testing strategies. † The position requires a B. S. egree in Computer Science or related field plus at least two years of experience. A competency required of the position is to communicate with team members, support team decisions, and work effectively as part of a team. As the numbers within the families of the benchmark jobs increase (Engineer 2, Engineer 3) the responsibilities, experience, and competencies required of the position also increase. For example, Senior Fellow, the position we assigned the most JE points in the organization to, was matched with Engineer 5, the highest position in the benchmark engineer family. . Determining Relevant Market(s) When selecting market competitors to establish our suggested pay policy line for FastCat our team tried a few different markets before deciding on the one we felt most reflected the values of the company. The first market group we chose to try was all the surveyed industries provided to us by FastCat. This line fit well with our benchmark jobs being fairly close to the line on both the high and low end. The second fit we looked into was just using the data regarding Software companies, this line seemed to fit slightly better than the previous with jobs on both the high and low end of the JE scale being fairly evenly distributed above and below the line. The final fit we tried was software companies with the exception of company 15 because we found that their compensation data created a huge outlier from the average of the other companies. We decided to go with the final fit of only software companies excluding company 15 because we felt this line best reflected our views on which jobs were most important. c. Adjusting our Data for More Desirable Regression Results Our team was rather flexible when making decisions about possible adjustments to our data during and after making our regression results. At first when our team was benchmarking the FastCat jobs against other companies, we felt that a couple FastCat jobs were very similar. We matched two of them with the same survey job titles. The first match was Software Developer and Implementation Consultant, which were both matched with â€Å"Engineer 2†. The second match was with Administrative Assistant II and the Administrative Aide, which were both matched with â€Å"Office Support 2†. When we were entering the data into the software to create a regression analysis, we realized that we would only be able to create this analysis on fourteen jobs, instead of the sixteen that was expected. We initially decided that moving some of our matches around and entering full data for all sixteen jobs would be the proper route to take. Our R? number was not where we wanted it to be after doing this; coming in at less than . 70, and this was probably because it was a bit forced and unnatural for us to change the jobs around just to get the full amount of jobs. Going back to our original benchmarking brought our R? up considerably. When we looked at the new data we saw that there was one major outlier and it was the Senior Quality Assurance Technician. Our team had marked this position at a â€Å"Technician 4† originally, but we all took a look at the FastCat information again and reached an agreement that we had made a mistake in benchmarking the position. What threw us off at first was the statement that the Senior Quality Assurance Technician was, â€Å"at the direction of the Implementation Consultant, which had a rather low amount of Job Evaluation points. We decided to move the position from a â€Å"Technician 4† to a â€Å"Technician 5†. This is the last change we made, and it gave us our final R? of . 882. d. Different Grades and Ranges Regarding grades of pay and the range of pay within those grades we chose to go with 4 grades of 100 JE points each. We found this to be a satisfactory suggestion as the jobs falling within these ranges have a relatively similar importance to the company and should be compensated in a way that demonstrates this. We used 15% as our selected range for all grades, meaning that the amount paid in each grade would range from 15% below to 15% above the midpoint of our pay policy line within that grade. With the results from the selected grades and ranges we had one difficulty; the difference in pay from grade 1 to grade 2 was nearly $10,000. To fix this discrepancy and encourage our lower level employees to stay with the company we chose to use an above market policy of 15% for this grade to close the gap. After completing these steps we had a pay policy that we felt was right to suggest to the FastCat Company for their base wage policy.

The Most Diverse Nation is the World :: Ethnic Backgrounds Ethnicity Cultural Essays

The Most Diverse Nation is the World When I lived in Japan and talked with my friends about Americans, I had a strong impression that my friends think the average American is white. Of course they realize that there are many other ethnic groups in the U.S. but they do not realize the true extent of racial diversity in America. In their minds, an average American has white skin, a tall nose, long legs, wide eyes, and a muscular body. So I wondered what could have led them to this image of the average American. Then I realized that the description sounds a lot like some cartoon hero. Maybe the American heroes in television and movies have had a strong impact on creating images of the average American for people in foreign countries. There seems to be a strong sentiment among people of different races that putting characters with a wide range of ethnic diversity in T.V. shows, cartoons, or movies just to be politically correct is meaningless. There seems currently to be a strong resentment against being politically correct, even among minorities. While I agree that putting characters of different races into T.V. shows or movies may sometimes be unnatural, I don't at all agree that it is meaningless. Think of all the American movie, cartoon or television heroes that you know. You would probably think of Superman, Batman, Indiana Jones, James Bond, G.I.Joe, Rocky, Rambo, X-men, Luke Skywalker, Shaft or Zorro. How many non-white heroes did you come up with? Probably fewer than the number you got for white heroes. This may seem natural considering that the majority of people in the U.S. are white, but there are clearly a larger proportion of white heroic characters in television and movies than in the real American population. In the 1990 census, there were 248,709,873 whites (80.2%) 29,986,060 blacks (12.1%) 22,354,059 Hispanics (9.0%) and 7,273,662 Asian/Pacific Islanders. (2.9%) This means that for every 6.6 white people there is a black person. Comparing this proportion of white to black American heroes in television or movies, there seems to be a large discrepancy between the world of reality and the world of imagination. There are many more white heroes than the simple d emographic proportion suggests. Then it becomes my suspicion that white people have much more influence on creating these heroes than people of any other race.

Abstract on Application of Geophysics in Solving Environmental and Engineering Problem

APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN SOLVING ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Lawrence A. Anine, Department of Earth Science, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun. The use of geophysical methods in solving engineering and environmental problems has increased over the years in most developed countries like Japan. During the 60’s, when Japan was still in their developing era, geophysical methods were used in investigation of new construction such as tunnel, dams, buildings and so on.In the present era, geophysical methods are now used in investigating disaster prevention, maintenance of existing construction and soil and ground water pollutions. As a developing country and continent, various geophysical methods should be employed in solving various engineering and environmental problems because they play a vital role in solving such problems. This vital role played by geophysicists, especially in construction of new roads, railways and high-rise buildings wi ll be reflected in the future because, for instance, during construction, huge amounts of concretes are been used and this requires huge amount of sands.So, if low quality sands are used, the performance or quality of the concretes will decelerate, and as such shortens its durable years. Such concretes can cause accident in the future due to its bad quality. Therefore, it is important to an engineer to investigate the health of these concretes (building materials) and this role becomes much more important in the future. Geophysical methods with non-destructive techniques will be employed in testing the construction.Geophysical investigation is employed not only during construction but also for maintenance of existing constructions. Most concretes construction will reach their durable years after about 15 to 20 years and these durable years needs to be extended in order to use them longer than before since the rate of new construction will reduce in the coming era of low rate of econ omical growth. So, existing constructions needs to be well maintained and these quality control and maintenance of the existing construction becomes much more important in the future.As more industries are being created in Nigeria and in other developing countries of Africa, huge amount of waste will be generated and disposed into the ground in and around the factories, polluting the soil and underground water in that area. Geophysical methods are employed in investigation for remediation of the polluted soil and underground water. It plays an important role in solving this problem resulting from increasing amount of environmental pollutions in this area.In investigation of soil and groundwater pollution, geophysical methods can be used as a tool for Estimation of the total area that has been polluted and the degree of pollution. Investigation and detection of the source of the pollution. Studying and understanding the mechanism of pollution. Monitoring of remediation of the polluti on. Geophysical methods used for shallow subsurface investigation can be used in detecting drum cans containing contaminant buried at shallow depths.Flow of contaminant can also be investigated using techniques like the self potential method which can estimate the distribution of impermeable and permeable layers and the flow characteristic of ground water and as such can be used to monitor the remediation process of the pollution. Pumping-up well Visualization of groundwater flow by streaming potential measurements (after Sato et al. , 1997) Geophysics is also employed in Transportation projects and it’s use in geotechnical projects is increasing among transportation agencies like the US state, Federal (i. DOTs-Department of Transportation) and Canadian transportation agencies. Geophysical Edited with the trial version of Foxit Advanced PDF Editor To remove this notice, visit: www. foxitsoftware. com/shopping APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN SOLVING ENGINEERING AND ENVIR ONMENTAL PROBLEMS methods mostly used in transportation projects are Seismic method, Ground penetrating radar(G. P. R) and vibration monitoring and they have been employed in bedrock mapping, mapping soil deposits(soil characterization) and in investigating roadway subsidence.The purpose of using geophysics in transportation projects is to identify and characterize physical properties of subsurface geomaterials in a manner that benefits highway projects and transportation programs in ways like reducing project cost, achieving better and broader subsurface characterization, increasing speed of acquisition and utilizing a noninvasive approach to evaluate subsurface conditions.Application of borehole geophysical methods as applied to the non-petroleum sector have enjoyed a resurgence of growth in recent years as engineers and environmental scientist are beginning to appreciate and use the added value of borehole geophysical data in solving engineering and environmental problems especia lly in developed countries.Advanced borehole geophysical methods such as gamma, resistivity, fluid temperature and resistivity, electromagnetic induction (EM), magnetic susceptibility, P- and S- wave velocity, flowmeter, optical televiewer, borehole video, and crosshole seismic tomography have been used to characterize fractured-rock ground-water flow, delineate bedrock foliation and fracture orientation, map unconsolidated hydrogeologic units, and delineate saltwater intrusion(Stumm, 2003). Geophysics is also employed in the investigation for disaster prevention in areas prone to disasters like earthquakes, volcanoes, e. . c. Deep seismic reflection and gravity methods are almost always necessary for delineation of active faults and deep subsurface structure in investigation for earthquake disaster prevention. Key Words: Pollutant Remediation, Disaster Prevention, Borehole Geophysical Methods, Self Potential, Ground Penetrating Radar, Seismic method, Gravity method, Electromagnetic Induction, Gamma, Vibration monitoring, soil characterization. ABBREVIATIONS G. P. R :- Ground Penetrating Radar EM:- Electromagnetic Induction P-wave:- Primary waves S-wave:- Secondary waves DOTs:- Department of TransportationREFERENCES Sato, H. , Shima, H. , and Sakurai, K. , 1997, A study on generation of streaming potential due to pumping-up of groundwater: Proc. of the 97th technical conference of SEGJ, 279-282 (in Japanese). Satoru, O. , Application of Geophysical exploration for Environmental Earth Sciences and Engineering: OYO Corporation, 4-2-6 Kudan-kita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 1-11. Sirles, P. C. , 2006, Use of Geophysics for Transportation Projects; A synthesis of Highway Practice(NCHRP synthesis): Transportation Research Board,Washington D.C. , 1-12. Stowell, J. R, An overview of Borehole Geophysical methods for solving Engineering and Environmental problems: EG&G Mount Sopris Instrument, Colorado, U. S. A. Stumm, F. , Chu, A. , 2003, Application of Advanced surface and Borehole Geophysical methods to environmental and engineering problems on long Island and Manhattan, New York: US Geological Survey, Coram, NY. Uomoto, T. , 2000, Maintenance of concrete structures in the 21 century: BUTSURI-TANSA, (Geophysical Exploration), 53, 499506 (in Japanese).

Asian Cuisine: Thailand Foods Essay

Thailand is a small country in Southeast Asia, sharing a peninsula with Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Like all local and national cuisines, the food of Thailand reveals a great deal about the country—it is a palimpsest of its political history, its trade, and its geography. Thailand sits between the cultural and political powers of India and China, and its food is clearly influenced by both. Yet Thailand’s food, like her people, has maintained its own distinct. Thailand is not a very big nor a very rich country, but it is unique. It has a way of life that mixes ancient ritual with the ways of the modern world. Thailand is most fortunate, with both the land and surrounding seas yielding rich harvests. The staple, rice, is grown in abundance, as do the numerous varieties of vegetables, fruits, herbs, and spices that enliven the Thai palate. Despite all the problems of the modern world Thailand still has much of old Siam. Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components. The spiciness of Thai cuisine is well known. As with other Asian cuisines, balance, detail and variety are of great significance to Thai chefs. Thai food is known for its balance of three to four fundamental taste senses in each dish or the overall meal: sour, sweet, salty, and bitter. As an acknowledged expert of Thai cuisine, David Thompson, explains in an interview: â€Å"Thai food ain’t about simplicity. It’s about the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish. Like a complex musical chord it’s got to have a smooth surface but it doesn’t matter what’s happening underneath. Simplicity isn’t the dictum here, at all. Some westerners think it’s a jumble of flavours, but to a Thai that’s important, it’s the complexity they delight in. Thai food is also known for its enthusiastic use of fresh (rather than dried) herbs and spices as well as fish sauce. Each Thai dish has more than 3-4 flavors. The ingredients of each dish helps to not only harmonize all different flavors but also to make it mouth wateringly delicious. Traditionally, Thai cooks & families usually needed quite a long time to prepare the ingredients and to cook, therefore, cooperation and team work is needed to cook a family meal. The process of Thai cuisine explains Thai life: its traditions, customs and culture. It shows Thai families were large, in which its family members live together with a warm, close relationship. In cooking, Thai family members have their fair share of helping as a team. With their Buddhist background, Thais shunned the use of large animals in big chunks. Big cuts of meat were shredded and laced with herbs and spices. Traditional Thai cooking methods were stewing and baking, or grilling. Chinese influences saw the introduction of frying, stir frying and deep-frying. Culinary influences from the 17th century onwards included Portuguese, Dutch, French and Japanese. Chillies were introduced to Thai cooking during the late 1600s by Portuguese missionaries who had acquired a taste for them while serving in South America. Thais were very adapt at ‘Siamese-icing’ foreign cooking methods, and substituting ingredients. The ghee used in Indian cooking was replaced by coconut oil, and coconut milk substituted for other daily products. Overpowering pure spices were toned down and enhanced by fresh herbs such as lemon grass and galanga. Eventually, fewer and less spices were used in Thai curries, while the use of fresh herbs increased. It is generally acknowledged that Thai curries burn intensely, but briefly, whereas other curries, with strong spices, burn for longer periods. Instead of serving dishes in courses, a Thai meal is served all at once, permitting dinners to enjoy complementary combinations of different tastes. A proper Thai meal should consist of a soup, a curry dish with condiments, a dip with accompanying fish and vegetables. A spiced salad may replace the curry dish. The soup can also be spicy, but the curry should be replaced by non spiced items. There must be a harmony of tastes and textures within individual dishes and the entire meal. Although considered as a single cuisine, Thai food would be more accurately described as four regional cuisines corresponding to the four main regions of the country: Northern, Northeastern (or Isan), Central, and Southern. Each cuisine sharing similar foods or derived from those of neighboring countries. ⠝â€" Central Thailand Central Thailand has a moderate flavor with herbs and sugar. Most curry with coconut milk dishes origin from central Thailand. For example, Kaeng Kaew Wan (Green Curry), Tom Yam (Spicy & sour soup), Tom Kha (Coconut milk soup), Panang Curry (Dry red curry). ⠝â€" Northern Thailand The dishes of Northern Thailand have light flavors, with a little spices, not very hot with chillies, not salty and most without sugar. The popular dishes are Sai-ua (Thai northern sausages), Nam-Prig Ong (Minced pork and tomato chillies paste), Kaeng Kare (vegetarian curry), and Cap Moo (Som Tam (papaya salad) is a north-eastern dish). ⠝â€" North Eastern (or Isan) The cuisine of Northeastern (or Isan) Thailand is heavily influenced by Laos. For example, Lap and Tom Sabb. Traditionally very spicy and strong tasting dishes, which show that north-eastern Thais like strong flavors with chillies, salt, herbs, and spices. ⠝â€" Southern Thailand The south has a very strong flavor of food with spicy herbs, like turmeric, and tend to contain coconut milk. For example, Kaeng Leang, Kaeng Tai-pla, and Kua Kling. In fact, Thai food always has various kinds of vegetables as a main ingredient. These can be found in many curry dishes with or without coconut milk, stir fried, salad, and eaten with chillies paste. As the Thai food’s ingredients have small quantities of fat and meat, Thai people are fortunate in their fat intake being far less than most westerners. Many popular dishes eaten in Thailand were originally Chinese dishes which were introduced to Thailand by Chinese emigration. Such dishes include Jok (Rice soup), Kway teow (noodle dishes), Khao Kha Moo or Moo Pa-loh (Pork stew, with or without rice) and Khao Mun Gai (Boiled chicken on lightly oily steamed rice). However, Thai people adapted and modified these dishes for local Thai flavor and taste. Not only the unique taste in each dish, there are more reasons why Thai food is popular among foreigners. Decoration, Thai food has an attractive decoration inducing appetites. Such as, Thai fruit and vegetable carving is an art which has been introduced to dishes, which makes you feel fascinated with the delicate preparation. Also, Thai food has both values of nutrition and medicine, obtained from ingredients such as vegetables, spices and herbs and without artificial flavoring substances. Moreover, Thai food can be harmoniously taken with other food, for example, Pad Kaprao as spaghetti sauce, and Nam-prig Pao, chili paste, as sandwich filling or bread spread. Thai folk wisdom, art and Thai culture is translated in Thai food. It reveals the characteristics of Thai people: their delicate taste, discipline, rules of conduct, artistic taste and human relationship. Hence, Thai cuisine is not only about food but it is an art to learn. Thai cuisine is not only about food but it is an art to learn. Eating & Ordering Thai Food Thai food is eaten with a fork and spoon. Even single dish meals such as fried rice with pork, or steamed rice topped with roasted duck, are served in bite-sized slices or chunks obviating the need for a knife. The spoon is used to convey food to the mouth. Ideally, eating Thai food is a communal affair involving two or more people, principally because the greater the number of diners the greater the number of dishes ordered. Generally speaking, two diners order three dishes in addition to their own individual plates of steamed rice. Thais do not use knives and forks but forks and spoons, holding the fork in their left hand to help get the food onto the right-hand-held spoon. Each spoonful should be moderately filled to conform with accepted custom. Eating by stuffing the mouth full is considered impolite. There shouldn’t be any sound of scraping the utensils on the plate nor should there be grains of rice on the lips. The Thais do not scoop portions onto their plates as home style serving in the west tends to do. They share from a common dish, taking only enough for a bite or two at a time. This way one avoids seeming too greedy and everyone has an ample share of each dish. What Comprises a Thai Meal : ⠝â€" Titbits These can be hors d’oeuvres, accompaniments, side dishes, and/or snacks. They include spring rolls, satay, puffed rice cakes with herbed topping. They represent the playful and creative nature of the Thais. ⠝â€" Salads A harmony of tastes and herbal flavours are essential. Major tastes are sour, sweet and salty. Spiciness comes in different degrees according to meat textures and occasions. ⠝â€" Dips Dips entail some complexity. They can be the major dish of a meal with accompaniments of vegetables and some meats. When dips are made thinly, they can be used as salad designs. A particular and simple dip is made from chilies, garlic, dried shrimps, lime juice, fish sauce, sugar and shrimp paste. ⠝â€" Soups A good meal for an average person may consist simply of a soup and rice. Traditional Thai soups are unique because they embody more flavours and textures than can be found in other types of food. ⠝â€" Curries Most non-Thai curries consist of powdered or ground dried spices, whereas the major ingredients of Thai curry are fresh herbs. A simple Thai curry paste consists of dried chilies, shallots and shrimp paste. More complex curries include garlic, galangal, coriander roots, lemon grass, kefir lime peel and peppercorns. ⠝â€" Single Dishes Complete meals in themselves , they include rice and noodle dishes such as Khao Phat and Phat Thai. ⠝â€" Desserts No good meal is complete without a Thai dessert. Uniformly sweet, they are particularly welcome after a strongly spiced and herbed meal. The tastes of modern-day Thailand boast an ancient history. As early as the thirteenth-century, the Thai people had established what might be considered the heart of Siamese cuisine as we know it today: various types of meat and seafood combined with local vegetables, herbs and spices such as garlic and pepper, and served with rice. Later, the Chinese brought noodles to Thailand, as well as the introduction of the most important Thai cooking tool: the steel wok. Thai cuisine is also heavily influenced by Indian spices and flavours, which is evident in its famous green, red, and yellow curries. However, it would be nearly impossible to confuse an Indian curry with one from Thailand. Although Thai curry incorporates many Indian spices in its pastes, it still manages to maintain its own unique flavour with the addition of local spices and ingredients, such as Thai holy basil, lemongrass, and galangal (Thai ginger).

Free Essays on White Collar

This essay, will discuss the topic of white collar crime. In this essay, I will describe to the reader what constitutes white collar. In addition, I will attempt to explain why white collar crime is often regarded as less servere, and why violaters may go unpunished. In this discuss of white collar crime, I will provide the reader with the various forms of white collar crime, and some of current legislation governing such crimes. The goal of this paper is get the reader to recognize the serousness of white collar crime, and its affects on society. White collar crimes are generally crimes occurring in the conduction of business. â€Å"White collar crime, is an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage, usually committed in the course of a legitimate occupation,†( Cross and Miller, 2001, pp 146). This concept of white collar was originally theorized by Edward Sutherland, as a crime committed by a person of high social status and respectability in the scope of their occupation, (Shichor, Gaines, and Ball, 2002). There is a clear distinction that can be made when comparing white collar crime and street crime. Street crime or visible crime can include crimes such as robbery, murder, and theft. These crimes are regarded by the public as criminal, and the majority of law enforcement resources are used to deal with them, (Cole and Smith, 2004). On the other hand, white collar crime is largely invisible, (Shichor, Gaines, and Ball, 2002). Due to the fact the crime is usually interpreted as â€Å"visible† by most citizens, little or no attention is given to white collar crime. â€Å"The public viewed professional thieves as criminals. . . viewed white collar criminals as primarily as legitimate actors who strayed or made mistakes,† (Shichor, Gaines, and Ball, 2002, pp 62). Street crimes present an immediate sense of d... Free Essays on White Collar Free Essays on White Collar This essay, will discuss the topic of white collar crime. In this essay, I will describe to the reader what constitutes white collar. In addition, I will attempt to explain why white collar crime is often regarded as less servere, and why violaters may go unpunished. In this discuss of white collar crime, I will provide the reader with the various forms of white collar crime, and some of current legislation governing such crimes. The goal of this paper is get the reader to recognize the serousness of white collar crime, and its affects on society. White collar crimes are generally crimes occurring in the conduction of business. â€Å"White collar crime, is an illegal act or series of acts committed by an individual or business entity using some nonviolent means to obtain a personal or business advantage, usually committed in the course of a legitimate occupation,†( Cross and Miller, 2001, pp 146). This concept of white collar was originally theorized by Edward Sutherland, as a crime committed by a person of high social status and respectability in the scope of their occupation, (Shichor, Gaines, and Ball, 2002). There is a clear distinction that can be made when comparing white collar crime and street crime. Street crime or visible crime can include crimes such as robbery, murder, and theft. These crimes are regarded by the public as criminal, and the majority of law enforcement resources are used to deal with them, (Cole and Smith, 2004). On the other hand, white collar crime is largely invisible, (Shichor, Gaines, and Ball, 2002). Due to the fact the crime is usually interpreted as â€Å"visible† by most citizens, little or no attention is given to white collar crime. â€Å"The public viewed professional thieves as criminals. . . viewed white collar criminals as primarily as legitimate actors who strayed or made mistakes,† (Shichor, Gaines, and Ball, 2002, pp 62). Street crimes present an immediate sense of d...

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Analysing Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysing Information System - Essay Example The task at hand is to present a comprehensive requirement analysis and select the most appropriate paradigm(s) for preparing the requirement analysis. The task also aims to be an effective exercise in information gathering. This section targets at presenting various requirement analysis models present in literature. Various models will be scrutinized and the most relevant strategy chosen to proceed towards the analysis development 2. The basic idea of the behavior-oriented approach is to study the behavior, the decision-making style, and the data used by the pertinent personnel to extract information for the development of a critical information framework for the generation of requirement analysis. Background analysis is necessary to understand a particular problem, only then the designer can forward. Backward analysis helps to determine if the personnel were faced with a similar situation earlier in time. This helps to gain an insight into how similar problems had been solved in the past. The top executives are then interviewed to determine the main causes of the new problem prior to gathering of detailed information about the problem and summarizing the problem. This sort of model finds best application while developing an executive information systems or top-level decision-support system. The prime hurdles impeding in the efficiency of this model is the inability to quantify executive behavior and overlooking the needs of over-looking the needs or middle managers, supervisors, and operational personnel because they are usually the primary users of an information system. The information-oriented model approach of specifying the requirement analysis focuses primarily on the information system products that will actually be used by the supervisory and the middle level managers. Investigating the information needs of the management gives a bottom-line compared to

Science for Informed Citizens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science for Informed Citizens - Essay Example A fundamental goal for science education is to stimulate, respond to and nourish such curiosity, wonder and questioning. Science provides us with one view of the world - a view that changes as our knowledge and understanding of science evolves. It extends our understanding beyond what affects us to include what we can't see, feel, hear or touch but can only imagine (VELS Science Discipline Strand, 2005) If a nation's best asset is its people, its future is its children. Hence, the major goal of science education is to educate and develop students that would become citizens capable of engaging in an informed debate regarding science and adheres to its code of ethics. The core values of science to society are: rationality, creativity, the search for truth, and an adherence to codes of honorable behavior. (Inter Academy Council, 2007) In addition, science is viewed or characterized as: impartial, neutral and autonomous. Science is impartial because there is no proper role for moral, social and any other non-cognitive values, alongside the cognitive (or epistemic) values, in the appraisal of the soundness of scientific understanding. Well conceived scientific practices produce a body of understanding that is neutral among contending value-outlooks that neither cognitively nor in practical applications do they favor the claims or interests of any particular value-outlooks. Its research practices are autonomous because their methodologies should be unencumbered by political, religious and other non-cognitive interests. (Lacey, 2001) Given its value and characteristics, the pursuit for science is defined or governed by its environment. Science in combination with technology plays an important role in modern society. Science is the discovery and explanation of nature. Once the manipulation of scientific understanding of nature is harnessed for human purposes, a new technology is developed. How this technology is harnessed is defined by social and cultural factors that surround it. Hence, science and technology are rooted in the society which creates them (Webster, 1991). If people learn and understand the value of science in order to enhance knowledge and productivity, the collective role of all citizens will help sustain a nation's growth and development. The imagination and vision that science brings to bear on theoretical speculations and practical problems, allows people to analyze present or future implications, make better choices, and invest resources wisely. This view and understanding of science brings global implications. Western science has a long history of denigrating knowledge and beliefs from native, indigenous, eastern cultures, and societies that use scientific methods outside their accepted ways and ethics. This are generally attributed to the traditional values and cultures of these nations which differ significantly from the values of mainstream science. (James, n.d)

Marketing Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Strategy - Research Paper Example The intelligent device is equipped with Police-grade Xtendâ„ ¢ Fuel Cell Sensor Technology to trace even the lowest possible amounts of alcohol, as low as 0.001% of Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) and confirms to be a significant use for security systems. The device is smallest, lightest, and thinnest with the ability to share the results via text messages or publicly on a social network with minimum manual interference (SAMSUNG, â€Å"BACtrack Mobile Breathalyzer†). MARKETING STRATEGY OF SAMSUNG BREATHALYZER Target Customer/Segments. Market segmentation helps to identify the most potential customer range to be served (Kotler and Keller 177-180). In case of is the newly launched breathalyzer, Samsung has taken into account all the three factors of targeting customer group, which are demographic, psychographic and behavioral. Simultaneously, it should also opt for multi segment targeting, which will ensure focusing on two or more defined market segments. Samsung can target the s chool authorities, car owners and young generation people who are aware of their safety needs. To be precise, school authorities are today, observed to be always in need to prohibit the intake of alcohol in the school premises and discourage students to do so even in their personal lifestyles. The intelligent device can give the freedom to school owners. ... Correspondingly, as most of the people including the above mentioned three segments, have been increasingly observed to prefer buying things online, Samsung must keep eyes on online users and try to attract them with captivating offers (Kotler and Keller 177-180). Positioning. Positioning is in general, referred as the process of creating brand awareness in the minds of the consumers. This process also involves improving the customers’ perceptions about the product (Kotler and Keller 198-200). Considering the recently on-going brand conflicts affecting Samsung’s brand positioning in the global market to a large extent, as a trusted brand, Samsung should not go for aggressive promotional strategy to promote its breathalyzer (Reuters, â€Å"Samsung's aggressive advertising rarely achieves desired effect†). It should rather use the positioning strategies of product attributes, product categories and benefits. Product attributes highlights a specific attribute of the product (Kotler and Keller 223-224). Accordingly, in marketing its breathalyzer, Samsung can highlight its features as different from its substitutes adding value to customer needs, as it is able to be connected with the smartphones and thus, reflect more accurate information. Additionally, positioning strategies based on product categories emphasize comparison of the product with its available competitive brands and helps to differentiate the brand to obtain competitive advantages by luring a larger volume of customers (Kotler and Keller 223-225). Similarly, Samsung use its product categorization to claim the accuracy of the breathalyzer and trace even the lowest possible amount of alcohol present in the blood until the level of 0.001 %. Simultaneously, Samsung can

Applications of Technology in Education

Applications of Technology in Education TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION Lahore: There is an increasing demand in the country for people who corner the market of sound knowledge of technology to solve the critical problems of technical sphere. This fast growing demand has led to the creation of a number of colleges, departments and universities’ catering in this discipline by providing a specialized and structured degree program of technology based studies as this technical education is indispensable in the presence of current wake of revolutions being made up in the technical world, said by Ajmal Hussain Shah, Principal of Government College Technology, here on Saturday. He further elaborated that the future career of students after ten years of schooling mainly depends upon the marks obtained by them in the matriculation examination. Fifty to sixty percent of the top merit students prefer to get admission in FSc to start their career as engineer and doctor. Among them hardly ten percent of students can get admission in professional studies i.e. engineering universities due to limited number of seats. The rest of eager students go for admission in private sector universities which mainly depends upon their affordability as the education in private sector universities is very expensive. But the percentage is changed in the last two years as now the students prefer to be technology specialist and so they want to get admission in information technology and other degrees related to this field. The present conditions of Pakistan when its ideological and territorial boundaries are at harm, demanded some progress in agriculture and industrial areas but the recent years and revolutions have proved that the more a country is strong in technology the more it has chance to flourish. The need of the hour is to develop technical mind and skills so we can keep pace with the modern world. He argued that the students of Pakistan need to study technology because the world if moving fast is this aspect as now the US is trying to develop hypersonic aircraft and is funding Defense Advanced Research Project Agency. These aircrafts are so fast that they can reach any location on earth within an hour and circle the earth at the equator within two hours. Moreover, the US (NASA) has also launched spacecraft Juno to probe Jupiter and in 2016 it will spend one year in a polar orbit around Jupiter and will send back the information about Jupiter’s magnetic and gravitational field. It will then sort out the valuable information about the planets formed from a molecular cloud about 4.6 billion years ago. Although the Principal didn’t elaborate on â€Å"Government’s effort in the field of technology† but he shed light on the government that it has made amendments in the education system and they are worthy but still the country and its technology need much more attention. In situations where the world has made flying robots and K computers, Pakistan has yet to do a lot in the technology field for which the growing technical institutions and education system play a vital role. It does need high capital, skilled technicians and professional people to teach and perform experiments to enhance this field. Taking the challenge to make Pakistan a technically establish country is big but it will lead this country to an established economy. The information technology instructor Nazrul Islam, Government College Technology, touched upon the importance of IT in education by saying that the computer world is ready to engulf us in software heaven. Some are eager to be dependent upon anything and everything while a few remain hesitant. They are afraid of this cyber world with its new, virtual reality and take it to be the faint and fleeting colours of man’s imagination. Who knows one of these days a solution will be found to all our socio-economic problems. May be we would take heed and save mankind from annihilation. It is this that encourages us at the threshold of our new lives. He further explained that with the digital computer at the crux of these technical revolutions, the internet and the World Wide Web are among the primary drivers and the present youth is in the aura of these advancements. â€Å"what has made the big difference in recent years is not the fact that individuals computers have dramatically improved in their capabilities, but that all those information islands are being connected by digital highways made possible through the use of telecommunications infrastructure by computers, which largely explains why the internet and the WWW have begun to play such a significant role in our use of computers†. He argued that information technology is affecting us as teachers, as individuals and as a society. Our options for education, entertainment, working and a variety of things that we do in our daily lives relating to government and society are radically changing due to developments in information technology. Today, when watching TV or reading a newspaper or magazine, it is impossible to miss coverage on seemingly diverse topics related to information technology- internet, World Wide Web, digital TV, online learning, corporate restructuring, wireless communication, tele-medicine and so on. All these innovation and changes may seem disconnected, yet they all share a common denominator, computers and information technology. The adjustments that we are observing and also experiencing are neither irrelevant nor insignificant. They may be as large as those due to the industrial revolution of the 1800’s, when changes in industrial operations moved people away from agriculture and vill age life onto cities and urban life. This is the information revolution. He justified his argument about technical education by saying that Fujitsu has scored first place in International Supercomputing Conference by achieving a stunning speed of 8.162 petaflops, leaving others lying in dust. The system employed 68,544 CPUs to achieve an incredible 93% computer efficiency. So if we want to be apparent in the modern world we need to have the knowledge of every kind of technology and its possible only when we are educated in this field so which these days the colleges and universities are playing the major role. An educated person knows that in coming years the person with knowledge of technology will be successful because it’s the skill that enables one to understand the present world revolutions. He concluded the discussion by explaining that But one cannot underestimate the fact that new millennium may not be all glory and greatness. In the past, man has developed, progressed and triumphed. But to some extent this has gone to his head, and he is blinded by the luster of success and power. It’s like taking one step forward and one backward. At one moment we hail the victories of man, at another, we wail the same achievements, crippling nature and his own survival. The future, with its surprises and mysteries is opening new doors for us. In the coming years, we may look for untouched frontiers. This technological era may try to plunder other planets far off galaxies. This technology is something quaint and who knows canoeing on the crests and troughs of time, it might find the light, the knowledge and the sense of balance. Then it might transform this world into a safe, glorious place with a bright, singing reign of peace and happiness.

Why in the world do we need derivative :: essays research papers

Why in the World we Need Derivatives Many years ago humans discovered that with the use of mathematical calculations many things can be calculated in the world and even the universe. Mathematics consists of many different operations. The most important that is used by mathematicians, scientists and engineers is the derivative. Derivatives can help make calculations of anything with respect to another event or thing. Derivatives are mostly common when used with respect to time. This is a very important tool in this revolutionary world. With derivatives we can calculate the rate of change of anything with respect to time. This way we can have a sort of knowledge of upcoming events, and the different behaviors events can present. For example the population growth can be estimated applying derivatives. Not only population growth, but for example when dealing with plagues there can be certain control. An other example can be with diseases, taking all this events together a conclusion can be made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The population of the world is growing extremely fast. Eventually there is going to be overpopulation and resources are going to run out if something is not done. We know earth is overpopulated and that a control over population can be made or at least something can be done so there is not a catastrophe. Population growth can be determined using exponentials which directly relate to derivatives. This is a tool that can be very helpful for anthropologist and sociologists in the world (which have nothing to do with mathematics). Not only to know population numbers in ten or twenty years but to have control over other things. For example will there be enough food for five billion people in the world, will there be enough mineral supply for five billion people in the world or will there be enough fuel supply for five billion people in the world. Many of those types of investigations can be determined with the application of derivatives. The world population is growing extremely fast, and our natural resources are been consumed even faster, this study using exponentials and its graphs gives us an idea of what must be done to prevent a disaster. Around this fact of overpopulation and running out of natural resources many things have been created. Indirectly derivatives have caused all this and in some way it is very useful and important. For example birth control methods are a consequence of this.

Nike Business Presentation Outline

Topic: Nike marketing strategy, social responsibility, and diversity. Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the marketing strategy, environmental and social commitment and diversity of Nike company Brief: In my presentation, I will be talking about Nike’s marketing strategy and its social responsibility MARKETING A) INTRODUCTION  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preview – Because Nike’s success largely depends on its shrewd marketing strategy, I will be explaining to you the importance of marketing to Nike and introducing what marketing strategy Nike is currently deploying. B)   BODY 1. Marketing is very important to its viability and profitability a.Since Nike is a consumer product company, it must respond to market changes through aggressive marketing. * If fail to anticipate accurately and respond in timely manner to market changes, Nike could experience material adverse effects on sales and profitability. b. Nike must stay domestically and globally compe titive to other large companies such as Puma or Addidas. c. As a result, Nike takes marketing issues very seriously. Nike has been increasingly investing into marketing. (Refer to chart) * Nike experienced a substantial increase in marketing investment in the FY of 07-08, largely because of the Olympic Games 2008. Demand creation in FY 2009 is $2,351. 4 mil. , increased 2% in compare with FY 08 2. Nike is successfully deploying the favorable brand image strategy a. Favorable brand image * Associates with a distinctive logo and advertising slogan â€Å"Just do it† * Advertise itself as a high quality and expensive product company. * Promotion: Nike contracts with high profile athletes and actively sponsors sport events to promote its brand. For example: * Michael Jordan: in 2007, the Jordan brand, now a separate Nike subsidiary with its own building, grossed about $800 million. Tiger Woods: in 2000, Nike agreed to a multi-year deal with Woods worth a reported $105 million (It can be said that Nike is successfully approaching the market by its shrewd marketing strategy. Now, I’ll be talking about Nike Social responsibility) SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INTRODUCTION  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Preview: Nike is a leading socially responsible company. I’ll be exploring Nike’s community investment and environmental commitment. (First, I’ll be talking about community investment) BODY I. Nike has a long history of engagement in communities around the world, investing in their backyards, key markets and manufacturing communities. . In FY07-09, Nike has directly invested in community $168. 8 million – Set the goal of $315 million of contributions for FY11 – Involves contributing expertise and philanthropic activity to the community. 2. To achieve its community investment strategy, Nike has developed 2 core approaches: a. Focus on creating new models to provide young people access to the power of sport (to unleash their confiden ce, leadership, health, education or employment) – The Nike Foundation (separate nonprofit organization): focuses on developing adolescent girls to bring positive changes into community. They has committed more than $100 mil to benefit adolescent girls. b. Promote philanthropic activities and create financial flows that ensure long-term success – Nike manages a portfolio of investment that have triggered donations from consumers to expand its initial investment. – Notable projects: Livestrong, Human Race, Hurley H20 water initiative†¦ (Not only is Nike socially responsible but also Nike is environmentally responsible)  Ã‚  Ã‚   BODY 1. Highly committed to sustainable development – To help focus effort and resources where company can make the most impact, Nike developed its own North Star to define sustainable development. . To achieve its goal, Nike has broken it into a number of smaller attainable steps: a. Product design: * Internally, Nike mobil izes its human resources to develop closed-loop product. * Externally, Nike actively posts unresolved problems and requests solutions from outside investors, universities and companies. b. Climate and energy: As a co-founding member of Business for Innovative Climate and Energy Policy (BICEP), Nike and its partners have committed to strategic collaboration to push for US energy and legislation and rule making. c. Water: Nike aims to contract with factories where water is abundant enough to support it operations. * Nike also collaborates with factories to improve efficiency of water-utilizing * Nike encourages its suppliers’ adherence to high quality standards for all of their production. (Nike itself is a diverse company) BODY 1. Diversity and inclusion are key to drive creativity and innovation: – Grows their competitive advantage, recruit – In 2006, Nike appointed its first VP of Diversity. – In 2008, Nike formed a global diversity and inclusion team fo cused on three areas: a. Engaging employees b. Providing business consultation . Developing innovative tools, models and designs 2. Diversity and inclusion statistics a. Gender diversity: * Global work force is half-male, half-female * Overall management is 60% male and 40% female. b. Ethnicity diversity: c. 55% of its work force is Caucasian, 22% is African American, 13% is Hispanic, 9% is Asian/Pacific islander and 1% is American Indian. d. Supplier diversity: national and regional partners on its suppliers effort, including the National Minority Supplier development council, the Oregon Association of Minority Entrepreneurs and the Women’s business Enterprise National Council.

Barriers for Women returning to Further Education

In the last few decennaries, the schools have seen a astonishing figure of older adult females returning for farther instruction or FE ( Thomas 2001 ) . This inflow has forced the educational establishments to re-examine their purposes and plans. There is a greater growing in registration in adult females than in work forces. Womans returning for FE normally return after go forthing the instruction at a certain age to indulge in certain duties at place ( Thomas 2001 ) . One of the most ambitious barriers for the adult females returning for farther instruction is happening the balance between school and household, and adult females are frequently seen showing struggle between the two ( Thomas 2001 ) . The other barriers include cultural, attitudinal, qualificatory, situational and institutional barriers ( Evans 1995 ) . Situational barriers include household limitations and deficiency of proper support – economic or otherwise. The adult females who work are paid less than work forces in rewards ( Evans 1995 ) . Pascal and Cox ( 1993 ) stated how the adult females were certain that their employment chances were traveling to increase by instruction. Education was besides seen as an instrument to obtain independency from traditional household constructions ( Pascal and Cox, 1993 ) . Most of the adult females oculus instruction as an chance, while non all can set it to utilize in their existing callings. Those who do are successful in fostering their present callings, and some adult females advanced to direction or professional callings ( Pascal and Cox, 1993 ) . Mau ( 1990 ) has highlighted the jobs faced by adult females from different cultural groups due to many sidelong grounds. Asia/Pacific Americans are socialized into traditional functions and these adult females do non normally think about higher instruction doing it hard for the other adult females to take part in farther instruction. Redding and Dowling ( 1992 ) have indicated that adult females re-enter for farther instruction in order to achieve a grade. Womans who play different functions at the same time have specific demands that are non met by the traditional university rites and patterns of the households ( Redding and Dowling, 1992 ) . Wild ( 2003 ) suggested that there were organisational barriers for adult females to acquire publicities in FE. This can be seen as a cause for apathetic status of the assorted universities towards the re-entering adult females. If adult females could represent a applaudable portion of the senior members, conditions for adult females desiring to re-enter to finish their instruction would be more affable and friendly. This survey recognizes the assorted barriers that are faced by the re-entering college adult females. There are different barriers that have been identified, such as fiscal jobs, household duties and limitations, unequal support systems, and favoritism at the establishments. These barriers frequently lead the adult females to acquire discouraged and frequently leave halfway. The instructors have to go a portion of the procedure of mainstreaming these re-entering pupils. There is a demand to heighten the continuity of the re-entry adult females and strategise the schooling for these adult females to help them in their end of instruction and self -independence.Theoretical ModelThere has been a significant addition in the registration of female pupils in schools and colleges. This addition in the rate of female pupils may be attributed to the inflow of the older adult females re-entering for instruction ( Thomas 2001 ) . Re-entry of adult females as a construct became popular in the 197 0s, and refers to the phenomenon of adult females, who had non completed their higher instruction at an Orthodox age, returning to the schools for formal instruction ( Thomas 2001 ) . The adult females have to opt-out of instruction for assorted grounds including household duties, poorness, etc. So, the re-entry adult females have to pull off the other duties such as employment, committednesss of household, and other compulsory duties. â€Å" Womans have restraints of clip, infinite, resources and socio-economic disablements † ( Evans 1995 ) . Evans ( 1995 ) has pointed out some common barriers that the adult females face in engagement in instruction, like: Cultural, Attitudinal, Qualificatory, Situational, and Institutional. Tittle and Denker ( 1977 ) had pointed out the barriers as household limitations, fiscal jobs, attitudinal features and college limitations. Holiday ( 1985 ) besides stated Institutional and Situational barriers as the chief barriers for rhenium come ining adult females. The cultural and attitudinal barriers are societal phenomena that discriminate the function and position of adult females in the society. These barriers can be seen all over the universe, despite wholly different fortunes predominating at that place ( Evans 1995 ) . Attitudinal differences can be attributed to the deficiency of female function theoretical accounts. While the attitudinal and cultural barriers may be understood as social elements of favoritism, the situational, qualificatory and institutional barriers make it hard for the establishments every bit good as the re-entering adult females to have quality instruction. The situational barriers such as household committedness, deficiency of support form the spouse, fiscal jobs, and distance from the educational establishments come in between the adult females and instruction and at the same clip do it hard for the instructors and the organisations to educate these adult females. It ‘s been found that male spouses are non supportive for adult females to come in the traditionally male dominated sphere ( Evans 1995 ) . The attitudes towards the function of adult females in the households and economic disagreements are some of the chief grounds that discourage adult females from re-entering ( Holiday 1985 ) . The institutional barriers that exclude adult females are sex, age, fiscal assistance, policies related to admittance, rigorous course of study planning and attitudes of the staff and module ( Holiday 1985 ) . Evans ( 1995 ) has pointed out the chief elements of institutional barriers as: fixed hours of instruction, attending demands, a fixed agenda of course of study that makes it hard to catch up with the lost Sessionss, and deficiency of installations related to child attention. Furthermore, attitudes of staff and module are besides barriers to easy instruction for re-entering adult females. Discrimination in the admittance procedure, although prohibited by Torahs in about every state, relieve the private, spiritual and military academic establishments ( Holiday 1985 ) . â€Å" In add-on, the differing informations on ability degrees of male and female pupils enrolled suggest that some signifiers of age and sex favoritism still exist, peculiarly related to re-entry adult females † ( Holiday 1985 ) . The life style of the most adult females makes it hard for them to manage instruction with all the other duties. This consequences in favoritism against the adult females pupils who want to inscribe parttime as most of the establishments prefer full-time pupils ( Holiday 1985 ) . With the addition in the figure of educational establishments worldwide, the demand for the pupils has increased drastically, but, it has been observed that these establishments would instead still prefer full-time pupils over part-timers. The institutional ordinances refering the full-time classs are such that the adult females from a low-income group or adult females with kids can non run into the necessary demands ( Holiday 1985 ) . Evans ( 1995 ) besides recognizes the male laterality in certain topics as a barrier for re-entering adult females. Inflexible choice and stringent entry demands besides make it hard for re-entering adult females to acquire in the establishments for the intent of survey ( Evan s 1995 ) . The fiscal assistance available for re-entry adult females is non sufficient to run into their demands and most of the assistance is normally unavailable to them, as it is restricted to full clip pupils merely ( Holiday 1985 ) . Furthermore, information related to the fiscal assistance is non that easy available to the re-entry adult females, who thereby can non acquire to re-enter because of the fiscal issues even though there are commissariats for fiscal aid ( Holiday 1985 ) . Tittle and Denker ( 1977 ) pointed out the importance of analyzing the programming and cycling of categories for parttime pupils in order to promote instruction for re-entering adult females. Vacation ( 1985 ) , Tittle and Denker ( 1977 ) and Evans ( 1995 ) emphasized the importance of kid attention installations for the benefit of the re-entering adult females. The deficiency of kid attention installations in the educational establishments is one of the most critical jobs for the re-entering adult females ( Evans 1995 ; Tittle and Denker, 1977 ) . Most re-entering adult females argue that their educational chases are hampered by the demand for child care ( Holiday 1985 ) . Apart from these obvious issues, the attitudes of module and staff towards the re-entering adult females have besides been known to impede the uninterrupted inflow of these pupils ( Holiday 1985 ; Thomas 2001 ) . Thomas ( 2001 ) identified institutional barrier as one of the most powerful barrier for re-entering adult females. The chief barrier that the re-entering adult females face may be related to class programming, location of the establishment and â€Å" a assortment of other procedural and rele vancy jobs † ( Thomas 2001 ) . The institutional and situational barriers besides make it hard for the instructors to actuate and educate the re-entering adult females. The male oriented linguistic communication and male images in learning stuff make it hard for the re-entering adult females to associate to the course of study ( Evans 1995 ) . The domestication of adult females ‘s labour and calling aspirations is one of the grounds for the deficiency of motive in the adult females ( Evans 1995 ) , and it can be really hard for the instructors to maintain these adult females motivated to analyze and prosecute a calling. The favoritism against re-entering adult females has been seen in different communities around the universe, although non much research has been put into the barriers for adult females returning for FE in the development states. The surveies refering African American Female Students ( Thomas 2001 ) , adult females in South Africa ( Kok and Van der Westhuizen, 2003 ) , Asian/Pacific American Female ( Mau 1990 ) and Women in South Asia ( Khan et al. , 1986 ) , all point towards barriers in instruction for re-entering adult females. One of the barriers has been recognised as self-concept features ( Tittle and Denker, 1977 ) . This has been related to the calling pick adult females make, particularly the re-entry adult females. Female pupils choose humanistic disciplines, societal scientific disciplines and human surveies, instead than proficient topics, which can be perceived as a structural stereotype that is propagated by adult females themselves ( Evans 1995 ) . Due to the barriers in instruction for re-entry adult females faced by adult females and instructors likewise, the adult females should besides take involvement and duty for their ain instruction by pull offing their clip efficaciously and take parting actively in the educational procedure ( Thomas 2001 ) . Returning to the school for instruction may be hard via media for the adult females, but the adult females should be motivated and committed to dishonor educational grades ( Thomas 2001 ) . The adult females need to believe in societal support systems and use them actively and efficaciously in the chase of instruction. Certain adult females re-entering the educational establishments for farther instruction believe that it can increase their employment chances ( Pascal and Cox, 1993 ) . Merely a little group of adult females use their grades to foster the bing callings, while some adult females find it hard to happen instruction utile to foster their callings ( Pascal and Cox, 1993 ) . However, there are cases of adult females traveling to other callings and progressing to higher professional callings ( Pascal and Cox, 1993 ) . Thomas ( 2001 ) has mentioned that re-entering adult females get excited about re-entry to colleges and farther instruction. There is an immediate addition in assurance in re-entering adult females ( Killy and Borgen, 2010 ) , but there are complains of function overload and struggles ( Thomas 2001 ) . One of the grounds for the administrative defects of establishments in turn toing the jobs of the re-entering adult females seems to be the deficiency of senior adult females leaders in higher instruction and deficiency of female function theoretical accounts. Furthermore, the deficiency of adult females in the administrative places besides advocates the favoritism and sex-role stereotyping prevalent in the society and establishments. There have been surveies in line with barriers that the adult females face in re-entering educational professions ( Kok and C. Van der Westhuizen, 2003 ) and the jobs they face in acquiring promoted ( Wild 1994 ) . Many subjects emerge from the survey of barriers for re-entering adult females. Killy and Borgen ( 2010 ) identified seven subjects sing the experience of re-entering adult females in North America. Passage to maturity and assurance crisis were the two chief subjects, followed by favoritism, diverse calling forms, sex-role stereotyping, the hunt for significance, and multiple functions ( Killy and Borgen, 2010 ) . However, the bulk of the surveies ( Evans 1995 ; Tittle and Denker, 1977, Mau 1990, Thomas 2001 ) have pointed out towards three chief subjects in Institutional barriers, Situational barriers, and Cultural barriers.